The UNIVAC 1103A computer is generally credited with the earliest use of interrupts in 1953. The first system to use this approach was the DYSEAC, completed in 1954, although earlier systems provided error trap functions.
Hardware interrupts were introduced as an optimization, eliminating unproductive waiting time in polling loops, waiting for external events. Systems that use interrupts in these ways are said to be interrupt-driven. Interrupts are also commonly used to implement computer multitasking, especially in real-time computing. Interrupts are commonly used by hardware devices to indicate electronic or physical state changes that require time-sensitive attention.
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This interruption is often temporary, allowing the software to resume normal activities after the interrupt handler finishes, although the interrupt could instead indicate a fatal error. If the request is accepted, the processor will suspend its current activities, save its state, and execute a function called an interrupt handler (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event. In digital computers, an interrupt (sometimes referred to as a trap) is a request for the processor to interrupt currently executing code (when permitted), so that the event can be processed in a timely manner.
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